African American Studies-Introduction to the Art of Africa Essay - 1

African American Studies-Introduction to the Art of Africa - Essay Example The different forms signified different statuses of women in the society as well as their creative aspects. Young women who were being initiated into womanhood wore the masks in the initiation ceremonies (Foster 1). They showed that the young girls had courage and determination to take up female responsibilities in the society. After initiation, each girl would be given a unique mask made from the trunk of a cotton tree. The maker of the mask would only proceed to make the, mask for a girl after hearing screams from the girl undergoing the initiation process. There were specific requirements that the initiates had to fulfill while wearing the mask. They were not supposed to reveal any of their body parts. Failure to adhere would attract possession by the evil spirits. The cover clothing was supposed to be black in color. It is clear that the Sowei masks served the purposes of beautification and conduction of rituals. They were reserved for Sande and Bundu societies. They helped distinguish the Mende women from other tribes in the

Marketing Communication strategy of Cirque du Soleil Case Study

Marketing Communication strategy of Cirque du Soleil - Case Study Example In this paper I will examine the marketing communication of Zumanity, a show produced by the renowned Cirque du Soleil. I will review the effectiveness of the strategy employed with regards to the Awareness, Interest, Desire, Action model as advocated by E. St Elmo Lewis circa 1900. The Cirque du Soleil was born in Quebec, Canada in 1984 during the 450th anniversary of Jacques Cartier's arrival in Canada, founded by Guy Laliberte. It is a spectacular theatrical delight, a combination of arts of the circus and street entertainment. The shows features original music, flamboyant costumes, dramatic lighting and visual effects. However, in comparison to the traditional circus it differs significantly in that it is an all human show with absolutely no animal involvement. (www.circusnet.info) From its beginnings in 1984 - 2003 the Cirque du Soleil grew rapidly and extensively, transforming from one show travelling circus to an international multi show production company. Significant elements including strategic European alliance with the Swiss Circus Knie, resident shows in Disney World Florida (La Nouba) and in Vegas (O), alliances with MGM-Mirage and Imax and both film and television productions. Cirque du Soleil productions target all genres, however, there is a gr eat emphasis on family audiences. (www.cirquedusoleil.com) 2003 marked Cirque du Soleil's 15th show. ... The creative thinking behind Zumanity had been in the piping since 2001, in collaboration with MGM-Mirage. Designed to be extraordinary, just as the circus had been reinvented 20 yrs previous, Zumanity was designed to reinvent the adult entertainment market in Vegas. Zumanity: billed as; "An edgy and provocative discovery of sensuality and eroticism" (Canadian Congress of Advertising; 2004). Zumanity is the first production to show an alternative side to Cirque du Soleil and its communication strategy needed to be exact in order to achieve success with a carefully selected and targeted market. Key issues the company had to overcome are noted by Canadian Congress of Advertising (2004): image risk, social tolerance to sexuality and competition; Zumanity was not what the traditional Cirque customer would expect, it was to be more dance orientated, smaller, sensual and erotic. Care would be of the essence to ensure the original brand would not be compromised. Zumanity is not simply another erotic show and the communication strategy needed to portray the message that it is; "resolutely sexy and astounding, while meeting Cirque's high creative standards." Legalities and social considerations had to be accounted for. The direction thus for materials to "show eroticism without really showing it." Marketing needed to be savvy. The media budget was $3.2 Mill in comparison to the major competitor at the time, Celine Dion who was launching her new show, with a $10 Mill media budget. PEST analysis had to be carried out and important features such as the financial slump and impending Iraq war taken into consideration. Awareness, imagery and materials needed to be created and tickets sold before the show actually existed. The Canadian

How Does Poverty Cause Crime Criminology Essay

How Does Poverty Cause Crime Criminology Essay In the current essay we will discuss the fact that poverty causes crime. Poverty is a characteristic of the economic situation of the individual or social group in which they cannot satisfy a certain range of the minimum requirements needed for life saving ability.   Poverty is a relative concept and depends on the overall standard of living in this society. According to experts, not getting decent wages for their work, young people gradually lose the desire to marry, marry, have children they are full of fear for tomorrow, not sure that tomorrow they will not be fired because of another financial crisis. In addition, low wages and lack of jobs, experts say, are pushing young people to commit crimes in order to get rich quickly.   It is, therefore, among criminals, increases the number of adolescents, aged 18 to 25 years. Poverty is a consequence of diverse and interrelated reasons, which combine into the following groups: economic (unemployment, low wages, low productivity, lack of competitiveness of the industry); socio-medical (disability, old age, high levels of morbidity); Demographic (parent families, a large number of dependents in the family); socio-economic (low level of social guarantees); educational qualifications (a low level of education, lack of training); political (military conflict, forced migration); regional-geographic (uneven development of regions). As well, current crisis makes people react and do something, even if it is illegal, they start committing a crime. Poverty causes many crimes, as if a person was not poor and had faith in himself, he would not face the thought that he should search another ways to get money. Being poor, which could be caused by different reasons, makes a person unhappy, incapable to earn enough money, to buy anything he wants or at least something necessary. Poverty determines a certain stereotype in a persons thoughts, and he does not see any constructive solving of the problem, as he wants to choose the easiest way of getting money, even harming other people. Poverty has a huge psychological influence on people, who become depressed, desperate and then they decide to commit a crime, as they have not found anything that can legally get them out of such situation. Too many problems that a person faces in the modern society makes him get angrier on the whole situation and look for the new way of solving their problem. The desperate economical situation in the country and consequently the lack of the work places especially for young people creates the thoughts and actions of crime. No guarantees from the government and no proper help to people who are poor, leads to the chaos and misunderstanding, where the only way out they find is to commit a crime. Poverty as a social phenomenon in a historical sense is of lasting value.   The extent and depth of immersion of the people in the country reflects two important aspects of society the level of development of productive forces and the corresponding character of their operation principle of social justice. Most often, poverty is treated as financial insecurity of people, when income of a person or family does not allow maintaining socially necessary consumption for life, interfering with normal living and personal development. Poverty serves as guidelines for shaping social policy.   This phenomenon is assessed by using indicators of absolute and relative poverty, its depth and severity, as well as by the subjective perception of their individual well-being and quality of life. To determine the effect of poverty on crime, there may be also another way: by studying the living conditions of the poor and convicted before they commit crimes. As a consequence of the fact that poverty causes crime, criminally distorted psychology of society, values, personality as a direct cause of crime are expressed by more than just greed, aggression, irresponsibility and neglect of criminal law prohibitions.   It has several forms: greed, greed, the cause component of the Organized Crime and Entrepreneurship, greed, parasitism, generating professional and recidivism, greed, irresponsibility, have a drunken crime, situational robbery and looting teens, when crimes are committed to meet the immediate material needs  , greed, poverty, which is based on physical survival.   At a gain now there is 80% of the totality of the causes of crime at this time. The main source of crime in any society is the aggravation of his social contradictions. It is also defined as meaningful and quantifiable features of the formation are within a specific time parameters.   It is known that the technologically advanced capitalist countries do not have the same crimes. As a fact, crimes begin from the childhood. As a rule, if a child was born in a poor family, there are more chances that he will start committing crimes. All over the world there is propaganda of a luxurious way of life, of successful people, of expensive mansions, cars, of beautiful journeys, etc. When children and adolescents see that and understand that parents will not provide them with all these things, they start looking for the opportunity to get money fast to buy at least something. And consequently they decide to commit a crime. The crimes committed by adolescents are considered the cruelest. The majority of cases of all crimes show that a driving force of the crimes is the money. The values of the society are built the way that those people with the problems in their minds decide to bring closer all these luxurious things. One of the main aspects that can prevent poverty is education. If children are educated properly, then they will perceive the reality as it is and they will try to succeed in legal ways to study, to get a job. Sometimes, crimes are the symptom of the culture, and education can cure the cultural poverty and financial poverty will be cured itself, as a consequence. As a fact, not only poor people commit crimes, as there are also rich people who have no boundaries in their actions and power and they also commit crimes to get more money and power. Considering the statistics, the total number of the seven index crimes is reported to police per 100,000 inhabitants in the United States. The research states that if to reduce poverty, crime will be reduced, although with the crisis that has begun in 2008, there have been registered less crimes, although there are more poor people because of the crisis. As an example of it, in the first decade of the XXI century crime in the United States has tended to decline. By the end of the decade, crime rates, according to many indicators, have fallen dramatically, despite the economic crisis of 2008-2010.   In some cities such as New York, the crime rate has dropped to the record lows. With the onset of recession in the U.S., many media outlets have expressed fears that the crisis (for example, increased unemp loyment and reduced real incomes of people) will lead to a rapid increase in crime.   FBI report shows that these fears have not yet met.   Published in the 2008, the study of the Heritage Foundation showed that the relationship between economic perturbations and crime exists, but it is not so clear.   Thus, in the United States there is a nation-wide crime statistics since 1934.   During all this time only for 16 years the crime rate has declined.   The crime rate has steadily increased from 1955 to 1972, although this time the U.S. economy has experienced a rapid period of development, weak, a recession occurs only in mid-1960.   In turn, during the Great Depression statistics was only for the period from 1934 to 1938 criminals showed less activity.   Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) issued a preliminary report on crime rates in the U.S. in 2009.   This statistics is based on data provided by about 17 thousand law enforcement agencies of different jurisdictions.   The main conclusions of the report compared to 2008, the number of property crimes in the U.S. decreased by 6.1%, violent crimes by 4,4%.   According to the report, this year the number of murders in the U.S. fell by 10%, robberies on 6,5%, rape by 3,3%.   Among property crimes, the most significantly decreased the number of thefts of cars (by 18,7%), theft (by 5,3%) and burglary (2.5%).   The greatest reductions in crime noted in cities with populations exceeding one million. In addition to FBI statistics, the crime rate measures the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics by the Census Bureau (study called National Crime Victimization Survey). Since 1973, there have been annually polled 70-80 thousand of households (family or group of people living togethe r and having a total budget), to identify about how many actually committed crimes Americans have not informed the police.   The last time similar research was conducted in 2008.   It showed that the victims of the criminals, Americans turn to law enforcement agencies do not always: becoming the victims of violent crimes, they shall notify the police in 51,2% of the property in 39,6% of cases. Another important indicator for gauging the level of crime in the U.S. is a traditional study conducted the service Gallup Rating the perception of crime.   Every year Gallup asks Americans to estimate increased or decreased the number of crimes in their area and across the country.   In the recent years, such survey was conducted in September 2009.   Then 74% of Americans said that compared with last year the crime rate in the U.S. grew on 15% reported that the situation has improved.   The rise in crime in their area was 51% decrease 29%.   As a fact, 12% of respondents said that the situation with crime in their place of residence was very serious; the crime rate across the United States similarly estimated 55% of respondents.   It is curious that in the last decade, both of these indicators remain fairly stable, fluctuating slightly. As a rule, those countries where there is no proper economic regulations, there are more chances that people will react negatively and commit more crimes, as the consequence of unhappy life and no perspective in such countries. Although there is no proof of the direct connection of the fact that poverty is the main motive to commit a crime, as there are many factors present in the minds of people who in different situations can act differently. It is not quite explicable that fact that while there is a depression and economical crisis all over the world, people do not commit more crimes, as the statistics shows that people do not intend to commit more crimes. The consequences and the logic of this fact are not fully understandable. In the modern world everything changes so quickly that people get accustomed to the situation, they learn the rules of the game and probably they try to find a better way to earn money and succeed than to commit a crime. There can be also hope that the mor e people get more education, the more they get knowledge, the better they understand life and the rules to survive. The more people know, the better they understand the situations, the values, the perspective, the more ideas they have, the more creative they are and the more they feel capable to find a job and to succeed in life. In poor countries such as Brazil and the countries of the former Soviet Union, there are millions of poor people who do not have a way out because of the lack of any perspectives to find a job, as the level of corruption is extremely high. In such countries it is especially visible the difference and the gap between the extremely rich and very poor people. There are almost no middle class people who have a job, a house and other benefits. That is why there are almost no chances to combat it, as poor and desperate people in these countries do not see any other opportunity except committing a crime. The obvious injustice and no social guarantees make people feel as losers, who see the luxurious life and who cannot touch it. As a fact, there is a lot of envy because of such a big gap and so much poverty. Each country has its problems and level of poverty, but there is one main point- the lack of money. If people had money at least for the basic needs, there would not be such level of poverty. And as Aristotle said: Poverty a source of disturbance and crime, which means that little problem becomes a huge problem if there is nothing useful done to prevent it. That is why the right policy of the country will be able to eliminate poverty and along with that there will be no crime in the future. What factors specifically lead to poverty in the countries?   This high level of unemployment, a significant number of jobs that do not provide a living wage, as well as reducing the number of social service costs. It can be emphasized that poverty reduction should not be a charity event.   It must go against strong social inequalities.  The only way to do this is to foster a society of equal opportunities. If we deal only with short-term problems in order to achieve short term objectives rather than to focus on strategic issues of economic and social development, we may miss the last chance to make the country the basis for a viable, long-term development based on economic and social modernization. So, the agenda should include the following vital issues: Reducing inequality and providing our citizens the opportunity to realize their constitutional rights; Restoration of a common economic space; Infrastructure development through the joint efforts of government and the private sector (roads, railways, ports, airports, bridges, power lines, electricity, etc.); The solution of demographic problems of the countries; The rise of living standards (including environmental problems); Eliminating unevenness in the level of regional development; Harmonization of interethnic relations in the country and the creation of normal living conditions for the communities living outside of Russia; National security and territorial integrity; The safety of citizens; As a fact, it is easier to prevent poverty than to deal with its consequences. The fact that people commit crimes when they are poor does not justify them. But the government has to take measures to prevent the poverty, there should be created more opportunities for people to work, as keeping people busy can prevent crimes and even the thoughts of it. Proper economical policy, positive changes in the social sphere, economical issues and employment can guarantee the higher level of education and understanding the principles, which will avoid the crime in the future. There should be also organized the certain campaigns aimed at the reduction of poverty, as it in some cases causes crime. Anyway, if the importance of money wan not so crucial these days, probable the majority of people would not commit crimes. As it is very difficult to be different from everyone in the society that value the materialistic ideas, the goods and products, it becomes a real challenge not to have goals to buy, to own something. It happens because the society judges those who are different, who has different vision, goals, principles and ideas. That is why people are almost forced to do everything the right way to be as everyone else is, to work and to succeed. And if there are no possibilities for that in the country, people start looking for other, wrong ways to reach it anyway. They start looking for the easiest, quickest and lowest ways to reach their goal, and that is why robberies, different violent crimes and thefts occur. Some people after committing them feel innocent, as they think that if the government did not give certain things and possibilities to them, then they have the rig ht to take things or money from the richer people. Deceiving themselves, people live in their own world that is so narrow, that allows them to commit a crime and to presume that no one will ever know. As a fact, it is sad that a reality is that money takes a very important place in peoples lives. Everything people do to earn money sometimes in not enough, that is why arise different problems which lead to the thoughts to commit a crime as that last opportunity. Everyone wants to live worthily and this desire determines unexpected behavior. Often people want to prove something to their friends, family, loved ones, but they do not manage to achieve it in a legal way, choosing instead the lowest possible way to commit a crime, thinking that from that moment on everything would change for the better. It is obvious that money rules the world, which is why almost every crime is based on the desire to get more money at any cost. Those who commit crime do not usually think about consequences and they pay for everything they have done later. Sometimes people just lack the patience and they want to have everything too soon without any considerable long time efforts. Consequently, this practice does not work and people are forced to pay for everything they have done. Psychological help and support in difficult situations can help and benefit people to overcome difficulties, challenging times and other problems. Being open to discussions, to new ideas, to new opportunities and options, people can stop thinking about committing a crime because they are poor. The capacity to believe in yourself, in the future possibilities and in the brighter future lacks in the minds of the people. It is surprising that people commit crimes, as it is obvious that sooner or later they will pay for what the y have done and it is important to take control of the life. The mistake is that people sometimes consider themselves cleverer than the others and think they are capable of changing they life easily by harming someone else. This method, fortunately, does not work. Being realistic and optimistic at the same time can save situation and turn life to the better. All in all, only the right policies of the countries can solve this problem and make people understand and see other right ways to earn money and to get out of poverty. People are instruments in the hands of the government and they play by its rules. If there will be more opportunities and proper social conditions for people to live and work, the crimes that are caused by poverty will not take place anymore. A lot depends on the country people live in and on the fact how they see their future, which possibilities and advantages they see and want to implement in their life. Anyway, everything depends on a choice a person makes, wherever he lives and whatever he has.

The origins of World War One :: essays research papers

The origins of World War One The Fritz Fisher thesis Fritz Fisher focuses on the Kaiser, Gottlieb von Jagow, Bethmann Hollweg and Helmut von Moltke. These four were the German leading figures at that time; Fischer is convinced that these people were responsible for the outbreak of World War One. Fischer’s three main claims were: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany was prepared to launch the First World War in order to become a great power. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany encouraged Austria-Hungary to start a war with Serbia, and continued to do so, even when it seemed clear that such a war could not be localized. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the war began, Germany developed a clear set of aims, already discussed before the war, to gain large territorial gains in central and eastern Europe, very similar to Hitler’s later craving for Lebensraum (‘living space’) in eastern Europe Fischer believes that the First World War was not a preventative war, but that it was planed and launched by Germany aggressively in order to dominate whole Europe. Furthermore Fischer sees Bethmann Hollweg in the role of the main constructor of the German policy during the July Crisis in 1914, and also as a central figure in the development of Germany’s expansionist goals once the war started. The Egmont Zechlin thesis Egmont Zechlin thinks that Bethmann Hollweg took a â€Å"calculated risk in July 1914 to gain diplomatic victory, or if it failed, to fight a â€Å"defensive preventive war† with nearly no objectives. This explains that Germany did not prepare a huge plan for expansion. Zechlin’s three main claims were: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany support for a preventative war grew after the Balkan wars had produced vast gains for Serbia. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bethmann Hollweg lacked the patience to settle matters by negotiation, believed that the Entente powers were paralyzing Germany, and realized that Russia was growing stronger in the Balkans, and Austria-Hungary weaker. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When he gave Austria-Hungary the ‘blank cheque’, Bethmann Hollweg realized that the crisis might escalate into a European war. It appeared like Germany hoped that the Austro-Serb crisis might divide the big Entente powers and with that give Germany a blood free victory. In addition to that Zechlin accepts the fact that Germany took advantage of the crisis to advance its own plan. The Gerhard Ritter thesis Gerhard Ritter supposes that Germany can’t be blamed for the outbreak of World War One. Ritter’s six main claims were: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is no evidence of a unified German plan for war or world domination. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany acted defensively throughout the July Crisis to preserve its position in the existing status quo.

Accounting fraud Essay

Accounting fraud can be defined as knowingly falsifying accounting records in order to increase sales revenue and net income. Accounting fraud is committed in corporations by means of showing false information, using funds for illegal purposes or inflate expenses, overstating revenues, understating expenses or overstating the value of corporate assets. All these activities are entirely unethical. Behaving ethically depends on the capability to recongnize the ethical issues and to believe on their existence. This ability to respond ethically at workplace related more to attributes of corporate culture than to attributes of individual employee Individuals often fail to realise their moral obligations at work and by being subject to world’s temptation fails to tread on their set ethical standards and behave unethically. People especially of todays generation are so much engrossed in their own different criterias of their lives that they almost forget to confine themselves to ethi cal boundaries that is why ethical decisions are always difficult to make and its foundation is based on several factors however if we talk about the decision by considering moral philosophies of a person; that depends on whether the person is making a work-related decision or personal-life decision. See more: Basic Economic problem of Scarcity Essay A person in the business sector might view of the problem by thinking differently beacause of the outside force and under the work pressure. However, the same decision might be unacceptable to him outside the work. The second reason of people changing moral philosophies could be the corporate culture where they work. Rules and personalities of a business culture person eventually effects on the person and exerts pressure to conform to the firm’s culture. Edward Hall (1959), described culture as a silent language, and defines it as â€Å"that part of man’s behavior which he takes for granted, the part he doesn’t think about, since he assumes it is universal or regards it as idiosyncratic.† Geert Hofstede (1993) defined it as â€Å"the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes one group or category of people from another.† (P.489) A culture followed in corporate or on industrial level is known as Meso- culture and every organisation has t heir own set agendas regarding ethics because work ethics plays a pivotal role at work place to rein employees to behave ethically and keeping into account the ethical dimensions. In most of the organizations, there are set rules and policies specifically formulated to make ethical environment. Every  organization has a culture which mainly comes from the side of upper management and the rest of the employees follows the set trends and culture of their own corporate sectors. The culture of the organization varies from organization to organization because of the different perceptions of the chief executive officers (CEO) and the Board of Directors (BOD). Individuals in practical lives tend to take decisions according to their own moral values and set standards however, in business it changes and is quite the other way round. People get pressurised often and take decisions whatever is percieved as right or wrong in their surroundings and also choose on producing the greatest benefits with least harm. Individuals cannot simply enforce their personal perspective, though they are responsible for their actions but the idea of middle- management or entry level employee to have the freedom to take decision on their own at the work place is unrealistic.For example, if an employee can attract more customers by giving bribe to someone in the business, his decision would rely on whether complying with company policy or requirements is an important motivation to the individual or not. So for that purpose, according to Drake and Drake (1988), â€Å" there is a necessity for the development of training programmes to implement corporate values. These programmes must explain the ethical and legal principles to the employees and show practical examples which can be used as a guidance.† (p.111) Thus, the set principles and policies regarding work ethics in an organization and in addition to that the training programs can guide, govern or direct the employees to follow ethics and helps in institutionalizing organizations. According to ethics consultant David Gebler, â€Å" Most unethical behaviour is not done for personal gain, it’s done to meet performance goals†. Mostly people are of the view that individual moral philosophies plays main role for the ethical behaviour in business. Although moral philosophies learned through family, religion and education are important but it is only one factor which helps in decision making; it is not sufficient to prevent ethical misconduct especially in the business sector. Studies show that the reward for meeting performances and the corporate culture are the main drive rs in ethical decision making because the companies have a life of their own and the individuals working in the company are transcended by its corporate culture and with the passage of time, these patterened activities become instituionalized within the  organization. Peer influence also effects to some extent in the decision making; employees can be lulled by each other in making unethical decisions or when facing with ethical dilemmas nonetheless, everything still surrounds around the corporate culture and its strict policies for the ethical behaviour because when the policies will be strict, every employee would strive hard for the performance goal. If I fit myself in a situation where I can easily inflate my account on company’s expenses, I would be swayed by the company’s culture. I might not even think of committing any fraud or inflate the expense on company’s account, if the company is strict in its policies. But at times, it also depends on an individual moral values of a person in taking decision which is transmitted normally from families. According to my vantage point, individual moral development for taking a decision is a secondary factor; what drives first instantly to the person to behave ethically is the corpo rate culture since a company cannot rely on every individual to behave ethically on their own. â€Å"They can’t just stand in front of people and say they want them to have a good attitude and be excited,† says Pecos River president Elizabeth Wilson. Taking decision in practical life and in work life differs. People in their work lives are driven by some targets and goals which are triggered in them by the organisation where they work and that effects on their performance. Similarly, when they take decision in their work lives , they are not driven by their own values, the company’s formulated culture effects their decision making. Nevertheless, if a person takes any decision without any concern or reflecting on the ethical dimensions; these sort of misbehaviours are referred to as â€Å"unethical business practices† (eg Garrett et al.,1989; Giacalone and Jurkiewicz, 2003 ; King, 1986).According to Murphy (1989), â€Å"Ethics should be followed in corporate sectors in the form of corporate creed and ethical code. The former establishes the organisational ethical values whereas the latter is a specific set of guidelines which must be developed in all functional areas of the firm.† To conclude, business ethics plays a pivotal role in developing a corporate culture. Although, all the implementation of principles and ethics is a bit difficult procedure but it impacts on the employees in the organisation in higher degree and rein them from involving in unethical activities. â€Å"It is obvious that in principle individuals are more ethical if a corporation has a written, formal code and  less ethical otherwise.† (Vitell et al.,1993,p.336). Hence, according to Vitell, the idea of a formal written code for ethics works well in corporate sector. In addition, moral values of an individual which are mainly effected by religion, personal cognitive approach, family, beliefs, education et cetera also plays an important role in preventing the employees in taking any unethical decision, however, it is only a secondary factor for an employee has a performance goal in his mind while working and the decision forms according to a corporate culture and the ethics followed in organizations since a company cannot rely on individuals individually to have e thical standards and beliefs. For that purpose , there is a necessity of a corporate culture which work as the main driver to act ethically in a work- place and in situations related to corporate sector. REFERENCES: Arunchand, C H; Ramanathan, Hareesh N. Organizational Culture and Employee Morale: A Public Sector Enterprise Experience, Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management2.1 (2013): 1-8. Mickalowski, Kyle; Mickelson, Mark; Keltgen, Jaciel. â€Å" Apple’s Iphone Launch: A Case Study In Effective Marketing The Business Review, Cambridge9.2(Summer 2008). Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 29 September,14 Caulkin, S.: 2002, ‘Good Thinking, Bad Practice’, The Observer (7th April), 11 Claver, Enrique; Llopis, Juan; Gasco, Jose L. International Journal of Value – Based Management15.2 (2002): 151-163 Drake, B. H.and E. Drake, (1988), â€Å"Ethical and legal aspects of managing corporate culture† California management review 30 (2), 107- 123 Fritzche, D. J.: 1995, ‘Personal Values: Potential Keys to Ethical Decision Making’, Journal of Business Ethics 14(11), 909–922. Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 5 May,14 Garrett D. E., J. L., Bradford.,R. A. Meyers., J, Becker :1989 Issues Management and Organizational accounts: An analysis of Corporate responses to Accusations of Unethical Business Practices, Journal of Business Ethics 8 (7), 507- 520, Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 6 May,14 Geert, H., Bond, M. H., & Luk, C. L. (1993). Individual Perceptions of Organizational Cultures. Organization Studies, 14(4), pp. 483-503. Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 11 may,14 Hall, E.T. (1959). The Silent Language, New York: Doubleday Lincoln, D., M. M. Pressey and T. Little: 1982, ‘Ethical Beliefs and Personal Values of Top Level Executives’, Journal of Business Research (10), 475–487 Murphy Herta A., Effective Business Communication (7th Edition), Herbert W. Hildebrandt , Mc Graw- Hill. Nakano, Chiaki. Asian Business & Management, suppl. Special Issue: Japanese Business & Society in a Global Age6.2 (Jun 2007): 163-178. 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Pretty Little Liars

Malone, Mariaun The tone and theme affect the mood in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by telling what the main idea of the story will be about. The tone is a mixture of funny, playful, and horror. The headless horseman is known by bad things but he is used to do funny things. The theme of the story is love and community. Mood, tone, and theme all have something in common because it puts together the book. The mood is boring, foreshadowing, suspenseful, and scary. The author described things scary and tried to help us to know what might happen.This book did not catch my attention because it did not have much action. Ichabod loved Katrina Van Tassel. †He had a soft spot and foolish heart toward the sex. † (pg. 18). He is expressing his deep love for her. His love for her is crazy, soft, and foolish. â€Å"When school hours were over, he was even the compan and playmate of the†¦.. †(pg. 10) This quote shows the theme of community. It exhibits how Ichabod helped out i n the community. â€Å"His bussy fancy already realized his hopes, and presented to him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 22 .Brom and Ichabod both liked Katrina. Brom was trying to make Ichabod look crazy and weird in front of her. The tone of the book is funny, playful, and horror. â€Å"Just then he heard the black steed panting and blowing close behind him, he even†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 63) The headless horseman chasing after Ichabod crane showed the theme of a playful book. It was not really the headless horseman. It was Brom trying to scare crane because of his jealousy. He was jealous of Ichabod and Katrina. â€Å"Always burst into hearty laugh at the mention of the pumpkin. †(pg. 7) Brom was laughing when they mentioned the pumpkin when Crane was brought up. â€Å"Certain is the place still continues under the†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 3) In this book there are lots of spells and weird creatures. The headless horseman is an example of a weird creature. The mood of The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow is foreshadowing, suspenseful, and scary. â€Å"The bridge became more than ever an object. †(pg. 63) The author was foreshadowing that something might happen to or on the bridge. Also, that the bridge was haunted. â€Å"There is a little valley, or rather lap of land, among high hills†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. ) This quote is foreshadowing and scary. This foreshadows what type of place Sleepy Hollow was. This makes the reader think that Sleepy Hollow might be a place where weird thing happen. in this quote he was describing Sleepy Hallow. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow was boring but described in a scary way. This book was a book of fantasy. Irving could have had better dialogue by using real characters and having more action. The story revolved around the theme of the story. The book had a horror tone but this did not affect theme love and community.